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1.
Anest. analg. reanim ; 19(2): 4-8, dic. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-509072

ABSTRACT

La aspiración pulmonar continúa siendo una de las complicaciones de mayor preocupación para el anestesiólogo. Un pH menor a 2,5 y un volumen gástrico mayor a 25 ml constituyen los "valores críticos" predisponentes para la producción del Síndrome de Mendelson.OBJETIVO: Determinar el riesgo de desarrollo de Síndrome de Mendelson en cirugía de coordinación.METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de una muestra de 22 pacientes de coordinación, sin patología gastroduodenal y que no estuvieran recibiendo fármacos con efectos gastrointestinales. Inmediatamente después de la intubación traqueal se colocó una sonda orogástrica y se extrajo el máximo contenido gástrico posible para medir su pH y volumen.RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron medidas de volumen y pH gástrico en 16 pacientes. El tiempo de ayuno fue de 12.9 horas ± 2.4 horas (media ± desvío estándar). El pH hallado fue de 2.40 ± 2.01 (hombres 2.20 ± 2.16, y mujeres 2.66 ± 1.94). En 13 pacientes (81.3%) el pH fue menor a 2.5 (8 hombres y 5 mujeres). El volumen promedio extraído fue de 27.9 ml ± 23.2 ml (hombres 30.3 ml ± 30.2, y mujeres 24.7 ml ± 10.5 ml). 7 pacientes (43.8%) presentaron un volumen gástrico mayor a 25 ml (5 hombres y 2 mujeres). CONCLUSIONES: En la muestra estudiada encontramos un alto número de pacientes con un pH menor a 2.5 y un volumen gástrico mayor a 25 ml en el momento de la inducción anestésica, y por lo tanto con riesgo elevado, en caso de ocurrir una aspiración pulmonar, de desarrollar un Síndrome de Mendelson.


Pulmonary aspiration is still one of the most important concerns for the anesthesiologist. The "critical risk values" of aspirate to cause Mendelson's Syndrome are a gastric pH smaller than 2.5 and a gastric volume greater than 25 ml. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determinate the number of patients at risk of Mendelson's Syndrome in elective surgery. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of a sample of 22 patients scheduled for elective surgery, without gastro-duodenal pathology, and who were not receiving drugs with gastrointestinal effect. After tracheal intubation an orogastric tube was placed and it was extracted the maximum gastric content possible to measure pH and volume RESULTS: Gastric volume and pH were measured in 16 patients. Mean fasting time was 12.9 hours ± 2.4 hours (mean ± SD). Mean pH value was 2.40 ± 2.01 (men 2.20 ± 2.16, and women 2.66 ± 1.94). In 13 patients (81.3%) pH was smaller than 2.5 (8 men and 5 women). Average volume was 27.9 ml ± 23.2 ml (men 30.3 ml ± 30.2, and women 24.7 ml ± 10.5 ml). Seven patients (43.8%) presented a gastric volume greater than 25 ml (5 men and 2 women). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that there was a high number of patients with gastric content with a pH smaller than 2.5 and a volume greater than 25 ml, and therefore with elevated risk in case of pulmonary aspiration to develop a Mendelson Syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anesthesia , Gastric Acid/physiology , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Gastric Juice , Prognosis
3.
Lab.-acta ; 7(3): 75-82, jul.-sept. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173859

ABSTRACT

H. pylori es una bacteria curva o helicoidal que se establece y multiplica en la mucosa gástrica ÄÄbasándose en algunos de sus diversos factores de patogenicidadÄÄ y, aunque no invade los tejidos, provoca la progresiva degradación de la capa de moco que protege al epitelio estomacal, exponiéndolo a la acción lesiva del ácido clorhídrico, aún cuando éste no alcanza las concentraciones comunes, ya que el microorganismo también afecta a las células parietales (que son las responsables de la liberación del HCI). De esa manera, H. pylori promueve la ocurrencia de las gastritis y las úlceras gástricas, aunque también se acepta que desempeña un importante papel en las úlceras duodenales, e inclusive, se le relaciona con la aparición de adenocarcinoma gástrico. El diagnóstico de laboratorio de las gastritis y las úlcera gástricas contempla métodos invasivos y no invasivos, considerando que, en el caso de los primeros, las muestras apropiadas son las biopsias obtenidas mediante endoscopía, en tanto que, los segundos, se basan en la detección-cuantificativa de anticuerpos séricos anti-H. pylory


Subject(s)
Gastric Acid/physiology , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Biopsy , Catalase/biosynthesis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Cytotoxins/biosynthesis , Gastritis/diagnosis , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Helicobacter pylori/growth & development , Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity , Gastric Mucins/biosynthesis , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stomach Ulcer/diagnosis , Urease/biosynthesis
4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-92492

ABSTRACT

Acid secretion is regulated by hormonal factors acting peripherally and centrally, as well as neural factors. Gastrin and histamine are the two most important peripheral hormonal stimulants, while the vagus is the predominant nerve affecting acid secretion. Meal related acid secretion occurs in three phases: cephalic, gastric and intestinal. Acid secretion is stimulated in the first two phases while it is inhibited in the intestinal phase. Proteins are potent acid stimulants but carbohydrates and fats are inhibitors. Tea, coffee, milk and alcohol are acid stimulants; on the other hand the damaging influence of spices on the stomach may not be related to increased acid secretion. Psychological stress has a variable effect. The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on acid secretion is being elucidated. Many drugs modifying acid secretion are available and are useful in the treatment of acid peptic disease.


Subject(s)
Digestion/physiology , Gastric Acid/physiology , Gastrins/physiology , Histamine/physiology , Humans , Peptic Ulcer/drug therapy , Somatostatin/physiology
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 22(1): 51-60, 1989. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-67472

ABSTRACT

1.It is known that contraction of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and secondary peristalsis protect the airway and clear the esophhagus of refluxed gastric contents. However, the exact nature of the stimulus and the role of acid remain controversial. 2. Secondary peristalsis and UES responses were measured following the intraluminal infusion of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and equiosmolar NaCl solutions in seven normal volunteers. The protocol consisted of three phases: infusion of increasing volumes (1, 3, 5 and 7 ,l per min), infusion of a given volume (7 ml per min) at different stimulation sites and balloon distension. 3. At the proximal esophagus the UES response to both solutions was similar, rising from a basal resting pressure of 30 mmHg to 70 mmHg for both HCL (range 60-85 mmHg) and NaCl (55-85 mmHg). The magnitude of the response decreased as the distance from the UES increased. The level of response decreased to 40 mmHg for both NaCl and HCl (range 30-60 mmHg) at the distal esophagus. These responses were also volume dependent. When the solutions were infused at 7 ml/min into either the proximal or distal esophagus, the sphincter pressure increased with increased with volume to 65 mmHg for HCL (range 50-85 mmHg) and 60 mmHg for NaCl (range 50-80 mmHg). Secondary peristalsis was also induced by two solutions. The level of response agaim decreased as the distance from UES increased. This response was also volume dependent. Esophageal distension by a balloon positioned 10 cm below the sphincter induced secondary induced secondary peristalsis and sphincter response identical to those induced by the infusion of fluid. 4. These results indicate that the principal stimulus for recruitment of the esophageal motor clearance mechanism is intraluminal distension and not necessarily the pressure of intraluminal acid


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Esophagus/physiology , Gastric Acid/physiology , Esophagogastric Junction/physiology , Manometry , Peristalsis , Pressure
6.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 18(3): 187-94, jul.-set. 1988. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-76612

ABSTRACT

Se estudió en ratas Wistar el factor ácido, el mecanismo dopaminérgico periférico y el rol de las GB en la prevención o agravación de la UDC. Se halló que Bromocriptina, un agonista dopaminérgico DA2, actuó en la prevención de la UDC y en la depleción PAS de las GB. En cambio, las drogas antidopaminérgicas periféricas SCH 23390, Domperidona y SAM e agravaron la UDC y ni impidieron la depleción PAS de las GB. El efecto antidopaminérgico de Cisteamina mas SAME provocaron siempre úlceras duodenales perforadas y que fue totalmente impedido por al ligaudra del píloro. En conclusión, se postuló al factor ácido, al mecanismo dopaminérgico periférico y a las GB en la patogenia de la UDC


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Female , Bromocriptine/pharmacology , Brunner Glands/physiopathology , Cysteamine/pharmacology , Duodenal Ulcer/etiology , Gastric Acid/physiology , Rats, Inbred Strains
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